{"id":16382,"date":"2025-08-17T06:41:47","date_gmt":"2025-08-17T06:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuohaihardware.com\/?p=16382"},"modified":"2026-08-18T15:31:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T15:31:55","slug":"historie-retezu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuohaihardware.com\/cs\/history-of-chains\/","title":{"rendered":"Historie \u0159et\u011bz\u016f od starov\u011bku do sou\u010dasnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0158et\u011bz je jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejprakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kovov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v lidsk\u00e9 historii. Po tis\u00edci letech v\u00fdvoje se stal ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek bude sledovat \u010dasovou osu, aby v\u00e1m poskytl podrobn\u00fd pohled na p\u016fvod a historii \u0159et\u011bzu a uk\u00e1zal v\u00e1m, jak se \u0159et\u011bz m\u011bnil v r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Prototyp sva\u0159ovan\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzu<\/h2>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bz\u016f lze vysledovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 000 let zp\u011bt. Ji\u017e ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b (kolem roku 225 p\u0159. n. l.) se objevil prototyp \u0159et\u011bzu, vyroben\u00fd spojen\u00edm kovov\u00fdch krou\u017ek\u016f. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0159emesln\u00edci krou\u017eky zah\u0159\u00edvali a kovali, aby uzav\u0159eli jejich otvory, a pou\u017e\u00edvali je ve starov\u011bk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch na zved\u00e1n\u00ed vody, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdvala \u201ekbel\u00edkov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bz\u201c. To byl v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pro sva\u0159ovan\u00fd \u0159et\u011bz<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o \u0159et\u011bzech poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze 3. stolet\u00ed n. l. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd spisovatel Vitruvius zm\u00ednil stroj na zved\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f pomoc\u00ed \u0159et\u011bz\u016f ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eDeset knih o architektu\u0159e\u201c (De Architectura), ale \u0159et\u011bz tehdy je\u0161t\u011b nebyl standardizovanou sva\u0159ovanou kruhovou konstrukc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Kovan\u00fd<\/p>\n

Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku v Evrop\u011b kov\u00e1\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvali technologii sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v kova\u010dnici na sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy. Tvarovali roz\u017ehaven\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty nebo ty\u010de do krou\u017ek\u016f a sva\u0159ovali konce k sob\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159ili prvn\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy. V tomto obdob\u00ed se sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy pou\u017e\u00edvaly hlavn\u011b v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, ko\u0148sk\u00e9 v\u00fdstroji, ale i zbran\u00edch a brn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

17.\u201319. stolet\u00ed: Zralost a popularizace sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

V 17. stolet\u00ed vstoupil glob\u00e1ln\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl do zlat\u00e9ho v\u011bku energick\u00e9ho rozvoje. To p\u0159\u00edmo podpo\u0159ilo stavbu lod\u00ed a t\u011b\u017ebu a popt\u00e1vka po vysoce pevn\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzech rychle rostla, co\u017e polo\u017eilo z\u00e1klady pro ran\u00fd v\u00fdvoj sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f.<\/p>\n

V roce 1820 zah\u00e1jila britsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost N. Hingley & Sons Ltd velkov\u00fdrobu sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f a kotevn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f pro lod\u011b. To znamenalo za\u010d\u00e1tek pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Sva\u0159ovan\u00fd<\/p>\n

V polovin\u011b a\u017e koncem 19. stolet\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez modern\u00edch sva\u0159ovac\u00edch technologi\u00ed, jako je obloukov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a odporov\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il pevnost sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f a zlep\u0161il efektivitu v\u00fdroby, kter\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Od t\u00e9 doby se sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy staly nezbytn\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji v pr\u016fmyslu, doprav\u011b a t\u011b\u017eb\u011b a pom\u00e1haly poh\u00e1n\u011bt pokrok glob\u00e1ln\u00ed industrializace.<\/p>\n

Vzestup bezsva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f na konci 19. stolet\u00ed<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed, s neust\u00e1l\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f, se za\u010dal objevovat i jin\u00fd typ \u0159et\u011bzu: nesva\u0159ovan\u00fd \u0159et\u011bz<\/a>Tento typ \u0159et\u011bzu se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl snadno. Dalo se vytvo\u0159it pouh\u00fdm oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00edm, kroucen\u00edm nebo lehk\u00fdm obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm, bez nutnosti sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Cena byla ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a dod\u00e1val se v mnoha tvarech. D\u00edky tomu se bez\u0161vov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy rychle za\u010daly \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Mezi typick\u00e9 bez\u0161vov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\u0159et\u011bz<\/p>\n

\u0158et\u011bz typu Jack<\/a>: <\/b><\/strong>Tento typ bez\u0161vov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzu se v 70. a 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edval v \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu v Evrop\u011b a Americe pro lampy a vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bl se oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00edm dr\u00e1tu do tvaru \u201e8\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek byl spojen s dal\u0161\u00edm v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edval na lustry, cedule a ta\u017en\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy starom\u00f3dn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed toalet.<\/p>\n

\"\u0159et\u011bz<\/p>\n

\u0158et\u011bz s dvojitou smy\u010dkou<\/a>: <\/b><\/strong>Tento \u0159et\u011bz se objevil tak\u00e9 v Evrop\u011b a Americe koncem 19. stolet\u00ed a byl uveden v americk\u00fdch kataloz\u00edch \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed kolem roku 1890. V\u00fdrobci \u0159et\u011bz\u016f vyvinuli tento styl \u0159et\u011bzu, aby sn\u00ed\u017eili n\u00e1klady. Byl vyroben z nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdch dvojit\u00fdch smy\u010dek, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e byl lehk\u00fd, pru\u017en\u00fd a vhodn\u00fd pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v houpa\u010dk\u00e1ch, sv\u00edtidlech a \u0159et\u011bzech pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed mazl\u00ed\u010dky atd.<\/p>\n

\"okenn\u00ed<\/p>\n

Okenn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bz<\/a>: <\/b><\/strong>Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed se v budov\u00e1ch v Evrop\u011b a Americe stala b\u011b\u017enou velk\u00e1 okna. V\u00fdrobci \u0159et\u011bz\u016f proto vyvinuli tento speci\u00e1ln\u011b tvarovan\u00fd \u0159et\u011bz pro syst\u00e9my vyva\u017eovac\u00edch z\u00e1va\u017e\u00ed na okna. Kolem roku 1890 ji\u017e \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a stavebn\u00ed firmy ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a Brit\u00e1nii uv\u00e1d\u011bly tyto \u0159et\u011bzy na okenn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla ve sv\u00fdch produktov\u00fdch kataloz\u00edch a za\u010daly je prod\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli bezsvarov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/a>, jejich flexibiln\u00ed struktura, atraktivn\u00ed vzhled a snadn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba jim postupn\u011b umo\u017enily zaujmout d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edsto v dom\u00e1cnostech a mnoha lehk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch.<\/p>\n

20. stolet\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti: Standardizace \u0159et\u011bz\u016f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ve 20. stolet\u00ed vstoupil \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl do kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze standardizace. Profesn\u00ed organizace, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace v\u00fdrobc\u016f \u0159et\u011bz\u016f (NACM) ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, stanovily jednotn\u00e9 normy pro v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces, v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed parametry a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed po\u017eadavky sva\u0159ovan\u00fdch i bez\u0161vov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f. Tyto normy jasn\u011b definovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 kategorie \u0159et\u011bz\u016f a d\u00e1le podpo\u0159ily r\u016fst odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"sva\u0159ovan\u00e9<\/p>\n

Sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy byly klasifikov\u00e1ny do podrobn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich v\u00fdkonu a dal\u0161\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch parametr\u016f, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad G30, G43, G70 a G80. T\u00edm se sjednotily standardy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a \u0159et\u011bzy byly zam\u011bniteln\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se staly vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 aplikace v pr\u016fmyslu a logistice.<\/p>\n

\"Bezsva\u0159ov\u00e9<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se bez\u0161vov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy vyvinuly do v\u00edce tvar\u016f a styl\u016f, aby spl\u0148ovaly rozmanit\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. V\u011bt\u0161ina bez\u0161vov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f se tak\u00e9 za\u010dala vyr\u00e1b\u011bt strojn\u011b, co\u017e sn\u00ed\u017eilo v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady. D\u00edky tomu se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvaly ve stavebnictv\u00ed, dekorac\u00edch, okenn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech a lehk\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu a staly se nezbytn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro rozvoj modern\u00edho lehk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n

Od kovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u00edzkov\u00fdch krou\u017ek\u016f ve starov\u011bku a\u017e po r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy \u0159et\u011bz\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch automatizovan\u00fdmi stroji, \u0159et\u011bzy nejen poh\u00e1n\u011bly r\u016fst pr\u016fmyslu, ale vstoupily tak\u00e9 do na\u0161ich domov\u016f a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed v\u00fdzdoby. Dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed ucelen\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd zahrnuje pr\u016fmysl, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, dopravu, stavebnictv\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat<\/h2>\n

\"Tov\u00e1rna<\/p>\n

Jako profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobce \u0159et\u011bz\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u00ed spole\u010dnost Tuohai sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy, a kompletn\u00ed sortiment bezsva\u0159ovan\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159et\u011bz\u016f s dvojitou smy\u010dkou, zvedac\u00edch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f, \u0159et\u011bz\u016f s okapovou kladkou a dal\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed rozmanit\u00e9 pot\u0159eby dekora\u010dn\u00edho, \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho, stavebnictv\u00ed a lehk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

Pokud hled\u00e1te vysoce kvalitn\u00ed sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 a bezsvarov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy, nev\u00e1hejte a KONTAKT TUOHAI<\/strong><\/a> kdykoli. D\u00edky na\u0161im pokro\u010dil\u00fdm automatizovan\u00fdm d\u00edln\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eeme zajistit zak\u00e1zkovou v\u00fdrobu a spolehliv\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kvality, co\u017e v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

Specifikace produkt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00edmto t\u00e9matem naleznete V\u00fdrobce nerezov\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bz\u016f typu Jack<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chain is one of the earliest and most practical metal tools used in human history. After thousands of years of evolution, it has now become […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHistory of Chains From Ancient Times to Today - 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